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Array in C

Array in C is a collection of elements of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations. It is used to store multiple values under a single variable name, making data management more efficient.

Syntax:

data_type array_name[size];
Example 1: storing and accessing array in for loop.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Declare and initialize a 1D array
    int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

    // Display array elements using a loop
    printf("Array elements are: \n");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%d \n", numbers[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

Output:

Array elements are:
10
20
30
40
50
Example 2: Real World Example 1

Imagine a situation where we need to store the marks of 5 students and calculate their average score.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Declare and initialize an array to store student marks
    int marks[5];
    int sum = 0;
    float average;

    // Input marks from the user
    printf("Enter marks for 5 students:\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("Student %d: ", i + 1);
        scanf("%d", &marks[i]);  // Store input in the array
        sum += marks[i];  // Add marks to sum
    }

    // Calculate average marks
    average = sum / 5.0;

    // Display the results
    printf("\nStudent Marks: ");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("%d ", marks[i]);
    }

    printf("\nAverage Marks: %.2f\n", average);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter marks for 5 students:
Student 1: 85
Student 2: 90
Student 3: 78
Student 4: 88
Student 5: 92

Student Marks: 85 90 78 88 92
Average Marks: 86.60
Example 3: Real World Example 2

Imagine we are developing an online store where we need to store the prices of 5 products and display them with their total cost.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Declare an array to store product prices
    float prices[5];
    float total = 0;

    // Input prices from the user
    printf("Enter prices of 5 products:\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("Product %d Price: ", i + 1);
        scanf("%f", &prices[i]);  // Store input in the array
        total += prices[i];  // Add to total cost
    }

    // Display the prices of the products
    printf("\nProduct Prices:\n");
    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("Product %d: %.2f\n", i + 1, prices[i]);
    }

    // Display total cost
    printf("\nTotal Cost: %.2f\n", total);

    return 0;
}

Output

Enter prices of 5 products:
Product 1 Price: 10.50
Product 2 Price: 20.75
Product 3 Price: 15.30
Product 4 Price: 8.99
Product 5 Price: 12.60

Product Prices:
Product 1: 10.50
Product 2: 20.75
Product 3: 15.30
Product 4: 8.99
Product 5: 12.60

Total Cost: 68.14